Question 1:How many types of wounds are there? Give the causes of each wound. [14 marks]

Common mistake:
Causes of the wounds were mixed up
The type of wounds named were wrong
Causes of incised, puncture and stab wounds are not clear
Causes of gunshots wounds are not clear

Correct answer:
Ø Incised wound – caused by sharp-edged object
Ø Laceration – crushing or ripping forces
Ø Abrasion (Graze) – sliding fall or friction burn
Ø Puncture wound – caused by sharp, pointed small object
Ø Stab wound – caused by sharp, pointed long objects
Ø Gunshot wound – caused by bullet driven into or through the body
Ø Contusion - Caused by blunt blow or punch

Question 2: How should you amputate part? [5 marks]

Common mistake:
Never ever put crushed ice into plastic bag
Never ever ice the bleeding part
Answers are not detailed

Correct answer:
Ø Put on disposable gloves
Ø Wrap the severed part in kitchen film or a plastic bag
Ø Wrap the package in gauze or soft fabric
Ø Place it in a plastic bag full of crushed ice
Ø Mark the time of injury and casualty’s name on the container
Ø Give it to the first aid personnel personally


Question 3: What are the recognitions and treatments for penetrating chest wounds?
3 recognitions. [6 marks]

Common mistake:
Recognition and treatments are mixed up.
Recognition = sign and symptoms
Treatments = things u did to the casualty to prevent his/her condition from worsen
Never ever lie a conscious casualty with penetrating chest wound down as it will worsen their condition, they would have difficult in breathing
Rapid, shallow breathing is not a recognition of penetrating chest wound
Never ever elevate a conscious casualty’s leg, although it will reduce the chance of shock, at the same time it will affect the breathing of the casualty
Bleeding from the chest is not a detailed answer for recognition
Abdomen wound and penetrating chest wounds are mixed up
Pale does not = to grey-blue skin

Correct answer:

Recognition:
Ø Difficult and painful breathing
Ø Casualty may feel an acute sense of alarm
Ø Grey-blue skin
Ø Coughed up frothy, red blood
Ø A crackling feeling of the skin around the injury site, caused bt air collected in the tissues
Ø Blood bubbling out from the wound
Ø Sound of air being sucked into the chest as the casualty breathes in
Ø Vein in the neck becomes prominent

Treatment:
Ø Put on disposable gloves
Ø Encourage casualty to lean towards the injured side
Ø Use the palm of his hand to cover the wound
Ø Place a sterile dressing or non-fluffy, clean pad over the wound
Ø Cover with plastic bag or kitchen film
Ø Secure firmly with adhesive tape 3 sides, leaving the one at the bottom unsealed
Ø Dial 995 for ambulance
Ø Keep him/her in the position that he/she is in till help arrives and monitor pulse and breathing rates



Question 4: What are the things that you should take note when treating a casualty with abdominal wounds? [3 marks]

Common mistake:
Question states that what you should take note while treating a casualty with abdominal wound but NOT the treatment for abdominal.
Do not anyhow move the casualty unless there is danger, this is because, you might cause further injuries to the casualty if u are not careful
You should explain what you should do to protruding intestine, not just saying that you not touch the intestine.
Should mention about things taught during the lecture
Should elevate the legs when the wound is HORIZONTAL
If casualty coughs, press lightly on the wound.

Correct answer:
Ø If wound is horizontal, elevate the leg, if wound is vertical, do not elevate
Ø Press onto the wound if casualty coughs
Ø Do not touch any protruding intestines, just cover with plastic bags to prevent them from drying out

Question 5: How should you treat bruises? [4 marks]

Common mistake:
Should present answer in the order of RICE
First aider can never give or apply medicine for casualty
Read question carefully

Correct answer:
RICE
Rest the wound by not touching the wound unnecessarily
Ice the wound by placing ice on the wound to apply cold compress
Compress the wound by placing ice on it
Elevate the wound by putting the bruises part above heart level to improve blood circulation